Act of Union Essay Example for Free

Act of Union Essay Assess the causes of the Act of Union of 1800, and consider the ways in which the Articles of Union themselves were intended to solve the apparent problems in Ireland’s constitutional, political and religious relationship with England. Your essay must make reference to the relevant document studied in seminar 5. There were several significant causes of the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800, most notably, the United Irishmen rebellion of 1798, along with the French landing at Killala in North Mayo. The United Irishmen, a radical mixed religious group, had began a campaign against British rule in Ireland in 1798. This rebellion was centered around Wexford, Wicklow and a protestant linen worker rebellion in Antrim. The rebellion was poorly organized and coordinated, and many parts of the country were left undisturbed. Although it was yet another rebellion by the Irish that was defeated, it fast forwarded the long standing idea that a political, constitutional and military union was needed between the two countries to prevent further war, or even worse, for Ireland to become a stepping stone in a French invasion of The British Isles. The worry about a French invasion starting in Ireland was compounded by a small French landing in north Mayo, that led to two battles, at Castlebar and Ballinamuck. The French landing was requested by Wolfe Tone, a protestant who was viewed as the leader of the United Irishmen. Wolfe Tone was influenced by the French and American Revolutions, and passed this influence onto the United Irishmen. The fact that the American Revolution had occurred so recently also had another major bearing on the Act of Union. the British parliament did not want to lose another colony, especially not one this close to home. This most likely would have being seen as a major weakness by the other European powers of the time. The French revolution, which promised freedom to all religions and races, and equal rights to all men would also have being seen as a threat to George III, the current monarch, whos Coronation Oath held him to uphold and secure the Protestant faith. Article Fifth of the Act of Union combined the Church of Ireland and the Church of England into one central Protestant Episcopal Church. It also made the protestant faith the official religion of Ireland. The unity of the churches would also have bred the hope that more of the Catholic majority in Ireland would be converted. This would have being a vital cause for the union getting voted through the all protestant Irish parliament, as the protestants were outnumbered by Catholics in the general population at a ratio of 3:11. Should the Act of Union pass, they would be on the opposite side, it would be a 3:11 protestant majority. On a related topic, Robert Peel had earlier being responsible for the ending of several of the penal laws, all since the threat of war began in France. In 1793 Catholics could vote and become lawyers for the first time. He also played a part in the repeal of Poynings Law, which allowed the Irish parliament to enact its own laws without influence from London for the first time since the Norman Invasion. However, vitally, he could not hold his nerve to repeal the Penal law that stopped Catholics from holding a place in parliament and many Irish people would have thought this was the most important, as they could only vote for the entirely protestant government. Pitt had supported the Act Of Union in 1800, but had originally planned to follow it with more far reaching ideas, such as Catholic emancipation. However George III, after signing the Act of Union into law in August 1800, refused to support full Catholic emancipation on the basis that it would be contrary to his Coronation Oath. While the Act of Union was defeated the first time in the Irish parliament, it was passed on the second time of asking. Certain peerages, pensions and certain honors were offered to Irish politicians and Irish critics in return for voting for the act in the second time of asking. The first attempt to pass the law was beaten 109 votes against to 104 votes for, but, on the second time of asking in 1800, the results showed 150 for, compared to 115 against. Also, since the repeal of Poynings law, the Irish had being in charge of their own finances, and had bankrupt the country. When much the same thing had happened to Scotland in the 17th century, a Union with Britain had helped the Scottish overcome their financial difficulties. The Act of Union was intended to solve many of Irelands problems in different ways. Article first stated that Ireland and Britain would be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This essentially made Ireland a sister kingdom to Britain, with the same laws, religion and parliament. However as time showed, these sister kingdoms were not treated equally, with very little worry being given to the Great Famine of 1845-49. Although it may initially have being seen to calm some insurgency in Ireland, it was not a suitable long-term arrangement unless great measures were taken to assimilate the large Catholic majority. These measures were not taken, and Catholic Ireland still felt like it was being given the short straw without emancipation. Article Second simply stated that the continuation of the Imperial Crown shall continue limited and settled in the same manner as the Succession to the Imperial Crown of the said Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. This was to ensure that a protestant was always going to be in power as a monarch in Great Britain, and that the new Union with Ireland would not have an influence on the process of picking a new king or queen. The third article was perhaps the most important in terms of change, as it was the article that fully combined the two parliaments into a single entity. This was the most influential article, as it caused many of the upper class representatives that Ireland would have to move out of Dublin and over to London, to be closer to political affairs. This caused a decline in the importance of Dublin as a major European city, and shifted most of the influential Irish people out of the country. It may also have lead to the idea of Absentee landlords, another thing that was seen by the Irish as a cause of the Great Famine. Article Fourth was simply involved in the representation of Ireland in the new parliament. The election of 28 Electoral Lords for life would have guaranteed a continuation of protestant ascendancy in the British House of Lords. This would not have went well with the catholic majority of Ireland as they would have zero representation in the House of Lords, which had the ability to veto any laws passed by the House of Commons. Any chance of a law hat passed a pro-Catholic law would have being immediately put down by the protestant powers in the House of Lords, so even if George III did not veto the hopes for Catholic emancipation then the House of Lords would surely have. The 8th article was a constitutional article that ensured the continuation of all laws from before the act, in both Britain and Ireland. It stated That all Laws in force at the time of the Union, and all the Courts of Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction within the respective Kingdoms, shall remain as now by Law established within the same This was a safety mechanism to prevent any problems with the transition between separate and united kingdoms. If this article had not being put in place then, theoretically the parliament in London would have had to enact new laws that could potentially damage the political and hostile situation in Ireland. As you can see, the Act of Union was hoped to be a permanent solution to the problems in Ireland, and planned to consolidate the British Isles under one rulership. The Articles in the Act of Union attempted to promote the protestant faith, in particular the Anglican faith, in Ireland, and in the long term hoped to transform the rebellious Catholic majority into equal citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Although it was unsuccessful in the long run, it was a historic event that worked in other parts of the empire, such as Scotland.

Impact of Trade on Empires

Impact of Trade on Empires POWER TRADE OF EMPIRES How does power and trade shape an Empire? ( Formation, Rise more) Every Great Empire begins with a country’s love for imperialism; Imperialism is when a country extends its power and trade, influencing colonization by use of military force (Power); An Empire is when a country under a single supreme authority with absolute power, when it comes to an empire’s imperialism power is the ability to control over people and their country. When it comes to trade, it is very important because the empire needs resources it can’t acquire by itself. (Merriam-webster.com) The Geographical location of an Empire was very important, this was because it affected the trading in the region, meaning other countries in need of trade had to go through that Empire’s region as a result trading for them became difficult because they would have their resources taken from that Empire. But this sometimes would not make trading difficult because it would open an opportunity a country to trade with an Empire in need of resources. In order for an Empir e to be successful it needs power and the ability to be able to trade information and resources. The British Empire The British Empire where the sun never sets was one of the largest and greatest Empire that was ever created. It begun in the 1500s when Queen Elizabeth the first granted the authority to Humphrey Gilbert for overseas exploration, in order to discover new land. It took Humphrey Gilbert quite some time to find Newland, after he sailed and found some form of land, after finding new land in his return to Britain Humphrey Gilbert died when his boat sank close to the Azore Islands, his half-brother then later on took his position and that was the beginning of the Empire. The British Empire had such power that influence strained globally, by the late 17th century Britain had a great Empire, with colonies in West Indies and America, in the 1775-1783 after the American Revolution; Britain lost control over America causing it to fall. In 1780s the British Empire was in need for resources to fuel their growing economy and also to fuel the industrial revolution, which as a result Britain become to explore other continents, therefore resulted in going to Africa which had many un used resources. After going to Africa Britain found it very difficult to colonize parts of Africa mostly due to diseases and lack of equipment; the diseases in Africa killed many British soldiers in astounding numbers, they were diseases that there horse would die from making it difficult for them to travel from one place to another. Diseases where not the only problem for Britain, the people of Africa resisted the British’s influence causing battles in many regions. In battle the Africans had an advantage because it was there land and they knew every bit of it, even though the British had guns, they proved to be very useless, because it took a while to reload which was a disadvantage. (BBC-The British Empire through Time) Rise They fought in many battle with swords but there too the Africans had an advantage because they had Poisonous arrows, swords and axes; all this was too overwhelming for the British to handle. Moreover the British Empire and economy was falling because they had lost America, they were losing a lot of men in the battles and they could not get the resources to fuel their industrial revolution. Technology was the turning for everything in the British Empire, the created of guns, armoured vehicles and medicine, now the British had an advantage. Technology change how the British fought battle in Africa, they would take down many Africans with their guns which were quick to reload, medicine would result in many soldiers not dying from diseases and armoured vehicles were most useful because African weapons would not breach the vehicle, moreover they would travel from one place to another quickly without being attacked by wild animals. In the 20th century the British Empire begun to rise beca use they took over some parts of Africa and acquired the resources needed for their industrial revolution, technology also helped the Empire defeat the Chinese and Indians. They traded raw materials with other Europeans countries and also America. Fall The British Empire begun to fall in the 1914 when world war 1 begun, Britain had lose many of soldiers and resources, many countries they had colonized begun to resist and Britain could not control them because they were lacking soldiers and resources. World War 2 hit the British Empire had because Germany had taken over basically all of Europe except Britain; Britain was being hit from all sides. After Germany was defeated the British Empire was at it weaken point because they lost more resources and men than World War 1, Britain begun to lose control of the colonized countries, the British Empire completely fell in 1980s. The Mongolian Empire The Mongolian Empire was the largest Empire that ever formed in the history of Empire. The reason the Mongols became the greatest and largest Empire started with one person, his was titled as Genghis khan, before Genghis khan born the Mongolia was a land filled with Nomads, pastoral people, herders. The Mongolians travel from one place to another because of seasonal climate change. Genghis Khan born in the 11th century, Genghis Khan is known as one of the great leaders that have ever stood on Earth, even today, his is remembered as The Great Khan. Rise The Mongolian Empire was formed in 1206, from then it begun expanding swiftly, the Empire’s first leader Genghis Khan exerted military knowledge, strength and skills, he took in the lower class people; furthermore he abolished women slavery and kidnapping. Our made him a great leader in the eyes of the Mongolians, he made them rise up and conquered more land in 25 years than the Romans ever could in 400 years. They controlled over 11 million contiguous square miles, but for all this to happen they needed to be powerful, skilful and to be able to trade. The Mongolians used had a great leader and great military skills, they were fast and strong; they were mostly skilful with the horses and archery, they created battle ships for them to invade japan, introducing gun powder which they used to trade with many European countries. The Mongols always wanted to be feared and to have the upper hand in everything. They would slaughter whole cities just to show their power and scare their enemies; the Mongols are one of the most brutal Empires that have ever existed, destroying cities, conquering other large Empires for example China. At that time China was made up of three main empires that were all defeat by the Mongols which are Xi Xia, the Qin, and Na-Chung. Xi Xia. Moreover the Empire was known to be safe for trading, they created a system that made travelling and communicating very easy, as a result they would know if enemies were coming, but no Empire Attack the Mongols head on because they were too afraid and knew that they would lose . Furthermore they opened routes enabling then to travel fast and to make trading easy because the Mongols were very serious when it came to trade. Fall After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongolians Empire was divided into 4 parts called Khanates which were governed by his descendants and they descendant’s children. Primary Genghis Khan did not directly lead to the fall of the Empire. The 4 divided Empire continued to expand, which were the Golden Horde in Russia, Yuan Dynasty in China, the IL khanate in Middle East and the Chagatai in Central Asia.; they began falling due to inner factors and also outer. The Yuan Dynasty fell due to wrong military decisions; they failed in fending off the rebellion and resisting Chinese, the Yuan Dynasty basically ended in 1368 when they were push out of china. The IL khanate in Middle East fell because there was no one in line for the throne; he encountered the same problem as Henry VIII, Abu Sa’id who was felled to provide a male heir. Likewise the throne was taken over by warlords.( Medieval News 24/11/14) Moreover the other parts Golden Horde and Chagatai fell due to inner factors than outer factors unlike the Yuan Dynasty. Compare and Contrast Empires Power Trade Similarities British Empire The British Empire came from their knowledge of creating new technological innovations. Technology was the turning for everything in the British Empire, the creation of Guns, battle ships and vehicles. They would take down many of their enemies using Guns which had quick reloading unlike the early gun they were using. They had a strong Military with good leaders. Wanted to have the upper hand and wanted to be the greatest country. They traded raw materials with other Europeans countries and also America. They needed resources which they did not have to fuel their growing economy. The British Empire did not trade much because they had conquered many countries with resources they needed, but trading was still very important in the Empire. Both Empire wanted power, they had a lot of love for imperialism causing them to explore and conquer other countries using Military force. They had the types of leaders that always wanted to have the upper hand. Even though both Empire had conquered many countries with most of the resources they needed, trading was still very important to them. Mongolian Empire The Mongolians power came from their great leader and there great military skills. Always wanted to have the upper hand, meaning in wars they would go full on without holding anything back The Mongolians they were fast and strong; they were mostly skilful with the horses and archery, they created battle ships for them to invade Japan introducing gun powder. They had safe areas for trading and the Empire trading was very safe. Trading was very important to the Mongolians resulting in many routes from China to Caspian sea to be built. They took over silk road using force but treated it very well and also encourage trade in most parts of the region. Differences The Mongolian Empire rose due to one strong leader who had great military knowledge and skills, that leader named The Great Khan is known as one of the best leader ever to exist. The Mongols were very brutal and would destroy many cities just to show the amount of power they have and they always were blood thirsty. The British Empire would try to talk to the enemies but if the enemies did not agree to the British, they would use force. The British Empire would force were it is needed unlike the Mongols who were always about force. The British would have friendly trades but the Mongols would usually force countries into trade. They are both empire from different time periods. Conclusion We have learnt how power and trade will shape an empire, therefore answering the research question. Likewise we have that power is not always needed in an empire, unlike the Mongols who thrived on power, trade was also very important to them in order for them to acquire the resources need. Moreover the Mongols always wanted to have the upper hand, they would bring enough men to battle so that they cannot be out numbered. The British too are mostly the same but they did not thrive on power, they trade because of their growing economy and needed resources for the industrial revolution. Bibliography Morgan, David. Medieval News: The Decline and fall of the Mongol Empire.Medieval News: The Decline and fall of the Mongol Empire. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 11 Jan. 2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. . Industrial Revolution.History.com. AE Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution>. Britains Industrial Revolution (1780-1850).SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1848/section1.rhtml>. The British Empire through Time.BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/uk_through_time/british_empire_through_time/revision/4/>. Power.Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/power>. How or Why Is Trade Important to an Empire?Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, 2007. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080120001944AArTQMa>. Ping, Elizabeth. Mongol Empire and International Trade System.Academia.edu. N.p., 21 Nov. 2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. http://www.academia.edu/1220114/Mongol_Empire_and_International_Trade_System>. Miskovets, Nikita.Rise and Fall of British Empire. St. Petersburg: Private School  «Vzmakh », 2011. Print.

Study On The Visionary Of Leadership

Study On The Visionary Of Leadership A leader has a vision, humility and courage to learn and grow constantly and develop a vision of the future and a plan to achieve the vision by setting a direction which takes him to the success. Leadership makes ability in a person to do what they dont like and then they like to do it. In the Morden world only study of management will not help to solve the problems on the sufficient level. People who add the leadership role to their primary role have little or no need to fall back on the sanctions which support their authority. The organization culture and value depend on the quality leadership because the more important role of the leader is a motivation. In organization leadership increase the performance of other roles by motivation. Leadership has a critical role in the creation of successful organization. Leadership always related to outcomes and situational aspects. In organization leadership is an important factor (Arvonen, 2002; Yukl, 2006; Arnetz, 2005). Leadership theory traditionally included two dimensions derived from factor analysis. According to Arvonen, 2002 and Yukl, 2006 there are two dimensions relation and structure orientation. The balance between these dimensions as they relate to different desired organizational outcome and many researchers discussed about this from past several decades. Andersen 1995 says Leadership research assumes that leadership considerable influence people on organizational effectiveness but Winston Churchill define leadership concisely as a ability to influence people set aside their personal concerns and port a large agenda. Churchill made it clear that effective leaders motivate people to perform beyond and above the call of duty in order to enhance group success. Leadership effectiveness is not who exerts the most influence or who control the group. Churchill suggests that the leadership is the best source of the organizational competitive advantage. The other definition of leadership is that it is the act of engaging, satisfying and stimulating the motives of followers that take followers towards a mutually shared vision. This theory embraces three components; leader, followers and the context. There are different categories of leader which define different approaches of the leadership. Leaders who have vision, humility and courage makes them effective leader. This quality makes them visible and outstanding. They use their quality because they know what to do with themselves. Leader always has great relation with the people around him because the though power of leadership does not come from inside or personal character, its come when people love their leader and on the other hand leader must be a great supporter, encourager and he know what to do with their people, how they feel safe and the part of corporate community. Good leader always maintain proper communication and create effective leadership. Effective leader know how to use communication channels to create good environment in the organization. The very fearful communication channel in the organization is a clogged channel. Organization effectiveness or the root issue lies at the failure of the misunderstanding and the communication. Leader has to make a systematic work environment in the organization because leader knows that what is going on in the organization and he maintain the systemic or holistic picture of the organization. The big role of the leader in the organization is to help his people by systematic thinking. So different categories of the leaders make up components of the organization, the leader and the style of led and the most important is the connection between them that call as communication channel. The other category is to see organization in a systematic manner by different leadership style. Visionary Leadership The visionary leadership always joint to the disciple for the successful leadership. There are different type of leadership style which would help organization to move in a right way. Different types of leadership style have ability to change in the organization (Bas, 2002; Kanungo and Conger, 1998; Sashkin, 1998) the quality of visionary leadership is very much greater than before by estimating the change of the organization that will be a lot simply by some leaders. Need of vision The sustaining and sustainable vision is not something that can be built by a person or a group of a person in the organization. It shows the corporate future, which is something that could not be achieved by the few but can only be accomplished with synergy that emanates from the active participation of the all. The attainment of an organizational vision is based on the mobilisation of bias and the pursuit that mobilisation must be of the many not of the few. If the staffs work together on the task the organization can fulfil the goals that cant be achieve by one or two people. The characteristics of vision It is a comprehensive view of the future. It acts as a guide when dealing with uncertainty and complex events. It affords a means for overcoming employee inertia. It holds out the real prospect of the vision being changed and adapted. It indicates a change from the past and present to a new, dynamic future. It creates a context for individuals to locate their work schedules within a collective Framework. It draws people together in pursuit of a super ordinate goal. It provides a rationale for action. It presents a standard against which to judge and make choices. It serves as a means to align corporate activities. The characteristics of effective vision It meets the needs of the new, individual contribution, educated worker to be engaged in making valued, corporate efforts. It focuses energy on the outcome of collective effort and not simply upon the outcome of individual efforts. It depicts a whole, a totality, into which people can place themselves, their feelings and their attitudes. It unites and inspires people to make an extra effort in pursuit of collective and individual goals. It creates a positive attitude that people can expand in their own immediate work Environments. Literature Review The visionary leadership emerged in 1990 as a matter of utmost interest to go in various field including the education sector (Montagomery and Gowe 2003, Thomson 2003, Fehlis 2005), stazesky 2000, political science. The literature review of the management which include the origin, significant characteristics, visionary leadership process. The origin Mary Parker Follett has worked on the origin of visionary leadership, contribution, cooperation, group membership and participation as early as 75 years ago (McLamey and Rhyno 1990). Significant of leadership Significant of visionary leadership describe the success, growth of the corporate survival in the todays challenging environment. Determination of corporate success and failure According to Tellis (2006), the determination of corporate success and failure of the company is based on its internal culture. Likewisw has described the six leadership styles: visionary, affiliative, directive, coaching, participative and pace-setting. Peace-setting style is belongs to demotivating and low performing organization and the visionary, coaching, participative and affiliative styles present the high motivated and cultured organization. Visionary leadership as a powerful strategic device According to Chopra and Ahmad (2004, pp. 51-54) suggest that the visionary leaders share and express the organization mission and goals in a easy and simple way so that everybody can understand. Their vision statement is always in a tangible and easy understood way. Their vision and mission statement is to help for the management. Visionary leadership develop the clarity, flexibility and focus in the organization. It is use as a powerful strategic device for organization growth and to motivate the employees. Visionary leadership for full use of people potential Visionary leadership put people in to the highest possible realms of human potential. It helps to drive and awake the human inner strength and inspire the immense potential translation in to action. They spread the roots of their vision so that they take people in to the reality. They challenge, line between the inspired world and the material world of action. Stimulating innovation Based on Over 300 sample of company, Tellis and Chandi (1998) demonstrate that vision of the leader have put impact on the radical innova tion. According to Bob Webb (Motivation tool.com) visionary leader are building todays organizations and they are using human affects in a totally different way. Wal-Mart airlines give the beat example by moving responsibility to the frontline. By this decision employees got the full opportunity to develop their capability and the power of decision making. Characteristics of visionary leadership (convergent perspective) There are many convergent prospective of visionary leadership. According to Bennis (1990), the leaders of 21st century would have the power of creating the vision and turn that vision in to the reality. The leaders ensure that their followers are highly motivated and flexible to take necessary action to achieve the vision (White and Hodgson, 2002, p.184). Kahan (2002) says that visionary leadership is a transformative and power based inspiration; include the social responsibility as its modus operandi. Visionary leadership is to increase the performance. Westley and Mintzberg (1989) says that visionary leadership is a dynamic and its involves three stages- The vision of the desired future of the organization The vision should be shared and served Every follower must know that so they can enact the vision Starratt 1995 suggest that visionary leaders embrace with the sense of security and they know that one day the dream will come true. Vision gets shape according to sharing of the vision. Strong vision can define what will come and what will happen. Green (2006) says that visionary leaders are charismatic, super creative and inspiring with lots of possibilities that how vision can improve. They identify the contact and potential it into active energy. They try to find new ways of getting thing done. Malloy and Fontaine (2006) says that visionary leadership focuses on communication and clarity. Perspective of centre for visionary leadership Corinne McLaughlin (2006), executive director, centre for visionary leadership, asserts that visionary leader can see wonderful vision for the future. They have great inspiration with articulating as well as bringing those visions in to the world and transforming in the same way. They can effectively articulate their vision because they are creating specific goals. Leadership basically characterized by a clear inspirational vision, innovative action, commitment to core spiritual value and empowering relationship. Visionary leaders are equipped with a high level of commitment to spiritual values. They have a sense of energy and personal integrity. They are elevated by exercise more relation and the power. Moreover, the base of the leadership for them is inspirational positive picture of the future and the clear sense of direction in reaching there. They are marked of empowering relationship. They can create shared sense of vision. They transform paradigms or old mantel maps and evolve strategies which are outside the box of conventional thought. They focus on the opportunities not on the problems. The process of visionary leadership Visionary leadership comes as interactive, dynamic process and its available in a different forms. Westley and Mintzberg (1989) describe the visionary leadership by using the metaphor of drama. In the drama action and communication occur simultaneously. The audience, actor and the action and the ideas are all synchronized to form a united whole in the unfolding drama. Its all starts with the repetition. The actor has the excellent knowledge of the particular subject. Just as the actor rehearses for the moment they step on the stage, this moment of the vision is a visionary practice. This thought of vision is a leader communication. Leader creates all vision in to success, when repetition moves in performance. Westley and Mintzberg (1989) give the future assume that visionary leadership style comes in a varying form leader to leader and different variety of packages. The style of the leader may vary with the context in which it takes root and the content f the leaders vision. The theo ries of visionary leadership based on three assumptions; variety, dynamism and context/content. These three assumptions underpin their representation assistance model. The purpose of the study The empirical work on the visionary leadership is very little in India. Notwithstanding this lake of research literature, this is gratifying to suggest that in India. This assignment shows the visionary leadership quality of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam at Defence Research and Development Laboratory. Dr. Kalam presented his visionary leadership at DRDL by changing its demotivating and low -performing climate into energizing and high performing climate. Dr. Kalam used indigenous management techniques at DRDL. Vision of Dr. Kalam in organization change (implementation and outcome) In 1982 Dr. Kalam was appointed as a director of DRDL in Hyderabad. At that time DRDL was working on five staff project and sixteen build up projects. DRDL was working on many technologies oriented activities to get lead time for future project. At time of joining Dr. Kalam saw the different problems in the DRDL and he starts working on that. The problems of DRDL were- The demotivating and old low performing climate was the big problem of the organization. The scientists of DRDL were frustrated with the devil missile project. They were thinking that ministry of defence cheated them and all senior officers using them for their profit. The Tactical core vehicle was also pending from long time. Dr. Kalam decided that or good work he has to built a healthy climate which include the confidence and trust. He used indigenous management theory to build up the high performance and high energize climate at DRDL. He provided clear direction and effective communication to the confused team so that every buddy has good understanding and its helped them to launch (IGMDP) Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. After some time the team performance reached on high level because of indigenous technique used by Dr. Kalam. Focus on Inside and outside communication system Dr. Kalam focuses on the effective communication which was not in the DRDL. Dr. Kalam got a chance to improve the communication between government and scientists when Admiral O.S. Dawson, the chief of naval staff visited the DRDL. Dr. Kalam takes this opportunity to make two way trusts through effective communication. Dr. Kalam shows the product plan and the battlefield capability of Tactical Core Vehicle. Dr. Kalam focuses its sea skimming role rather than as single core vehicle as present earlier. This information passed to every scientist in the DRDL in this own words Do not make anything which you cannot sell later and do no spend your life on making one thing only. Missile developed is a multi dimensional business if you remain in any one dimension for a long time, you will get suck. Dr. Kalam spends time in interacting with people and explains the future goal of DRDL. He tries to connect this goal to the people life in DRDL. During this time he came to now that scientist at DR DL had a high level of determination and an urge to go ahead. In earlier project they show that they have high level of motivation, based on this Dr. Kalam started the reviews at DRDL at various level to accomplish the precise specification. He also start inviting the professionals from outside laboratory (IITS, CSIR, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) to contribute an useful knowledge. Clear direction to the team Dr. Kalam worked with ISRO and there he learned about visionary leadership from great visionarys prof. Vikram Sarabhai and Prof. Satish Dhawan. Dr. Kalam learned how make mission larger than life and how motivate people to achieve that. With these professors he learned that you should dream before your dream come true some people do hard work there goal of life and other people not able to move their feet because the confuse about what they want in life and how to achieve that. This was power for Dr. Kalam in DRDL because he knows the potential capability of scientist and he knows that they can fulfil the expectation of the Ministry of Defence. Dr. Kalam had a very professional team of scientist in the laboratory but he knows that there is a lake of leadership and guidance in the team. Dr. Kalam visualized that to increase the RD activities in the DRDL, technological and technical problems must be taken promptly. To achieve the goal he took the major decision, he made missile technology community of senior scientist where different issue can be discussed and debate as a collective process. The idea behind this community is the participation of all level of scientist and engineers to manage the laboratory activities. The organizational climate of DRDL was improved constantly. The new climate of DRDL helps in to the birth of Integrated Guided Missile Development programme (IGMDP). Launch of guided missile programme After improvement in the laboratory culture DRDL came with the Guided Missile Programme. This successful program happened because of Dr. Kalams vision for development of technology. Dr. Kalam always asserted himself that know where we are going. The great thing in the world is not so much in knowing where we stand and which direction we are going. Its help to accomplishing the technological competence as compare to Weston countries. At DRDL it was like driving force for the people. To complete the production of indigenous missiles, chairman formed the community. All people at DRDL welcome this proposal. Dr. Kalam made a presentation and question answer session at south block, New Delhi. Dr. Kalam presents the proposal and Dr. V.S. Arunachalam, who is scientific advisor of the defence minister, support him fully when doubts about the proposal. After this presentation defence minister asked Dr. Kalam to meet him in the evening. Mr. Venketaraman suggests that DRDL is not just making missile in phases, DRDL launch integrated guided missile development program. Dr. Kalam and Dr. Arunachalam together rework on the plans throughout the night. When plan was shown to the defence minister, he was visibly pleased. The new proposal was put up before the cabinet and it was approved with an amount of Rs. 388 crores. At the missile technology community, Dr. Kalam shows the government sanction letter, every buddy was motivated for the work. On 27, 1983 IGMPD was formally launched in the great event and every employee participated in the big success. Vision of Dr. Kalam to accomplish beyond the collective national capability Great visionary Dr. Kalam knew that government given them the sanction letter but this is only a 10 per cent of work done. In this operation the leader required who can put his heart and soul into this programme and carry hundreds of engineer and scientist with them. Dr. Kalam was thing beyond the collective national capability. He was convinced if he wants to achieve his goal; his team should work on basis of probability. For this goal he uses the indigenous approach of management technology. The other approach includes in this: capable project leader, pro-active follow-up, technology-oriented structure, collaborative efforts, motivation for outstanding performance, empowerment and spiritual guidance. Dr Kalam shows his power of leadership to finish this project with his team. Locating capable project leaders Dr. Kalam starts looking for capable leaders for five individual missile projects. He needs a leader who knows the clear goal and has a capability to perceive the goal. He needs a leader who can give energy all the time to his team working on various working centres. He discussed with engineers and the scientist on the different prospective because he need five project directors to train who will train twenty five future project directors and team leaders. He needs leaders who had the capability to grow the possibilities and were equipped with patience to explore all possible alternatives, who can put old principals of ideas to the new situations. He want leader to be flexible who share his power with others and work in teams, give fresh opinions, listening to wise counsel, respect intelligent people and delegate good jobs. He thought the leader should be capable in making good environment and resolve the conflicts. Overall leader should be capable to take failure in their stride and share both success and failure. Dr. Kalam creates a science council to provide an emotional outlet to the scientists. His thought at DRDL, that scientists were highly emotional persons. If they stumble its very difficult for them to pull together. Disappointment and setbacks were always problem for them. Dr. Kalam did not want any of them to face problem alone. He stopped making goals for them when they were at the low abb. The all issue of general importance were discussed by the council very openly. That time all scientists used to sit together and take common decision. In every three month all scientists including juniors, seniors, veterans and freshers could sit together and let off steam. Changing the dynamics of DRDL by empowering scientist The 250 young engineers and scientist change the dynamic of DRDL because of leadership of Dr. Kalam. The outstanding performance contributing ingredients of this leadership which include: believing, positive thinking, visualising and goal setting. The team leader enthused the young engineers and scientist about this goal. In the review meeting, Dr. Kalam says that the young scientist shows the very good team work and we got help to visualizing whole system. He said that climate of confidence and trust gradually developed. The young scientists start questioning to the senior associate on different issues. This helps them to become persons of power. Dr. Kalam kept the work environment on the higher level. He shows that he has the experience of the old science which mixed with his skills. The dependence between the experience and the young scientist made a very productive environment in the DRDL. At the time of joining DRDL, Dr. Kalam knew that the motivating people to get outstanding results were a challenging task. The behaviour of the individual is based on the environment of the work place. Most people possessed strong inner drive of growth, self-actualization and competence. However, the biggest problem had been the work environment at DRDL. Dr Kalam visualized the leader can accomplish his task with outstanding performance if he get the proper job design and organizational structure, and by appreciating and recognizing excellent work. According to Dr. Kalam he got the supportive environment while launching IGMDP. At that time the project was in design phase. The first reorganization increases the level of DRDL at least 40 to 50 per cent. In the second reorganization process, he used motivational inventory available at that time. According to Dr. Kalam there are three ingredients of motivational inventory of leadership: understand the people need which they satisfy in their jobs; influencing the peoples behaviour by using the power of positive reinforcement; and design the job based motivation and understand its impact. The second reorganization was very complex exercise managed effectively by Dr. Kalam. The young scientist performed outstanding work such as a world class strap down internal guidance system. It was an effective demonstration of the renewal factor. Dr. Kalam given enthusiasm to the young mind and he got the outstanding performance. Accomplishment at DRDL On September 16, 1985 the first missile program took place. The test was successful. The success of the missile program at DRDL shows to all engineer and scientist that it happened because of the visionary leadership of Dr. Kalam. This was followed by the successful test by the pilotless targeted aircraft. On February 25, 1988 the DRDL launched the Prithvi missile. DRDL create an epoch making event in the history of rocketing in the country. By launching Prithvi missile DRDL give the basic model of all the future guided missile in the country. On May 22, 1989 DRDL give the perfect launched of Agni. After that DRDL became the finest laboratory for the world. This was the greatest moment for DRDL as well as for Dr. Kalam. The national defence became stronger after Agni launched. Overall success of DRDL is belonging to Dr. Kalam. The nation celebrated the success of its missile program very first on Republic day 1990. Dr. Kalam was awarded by Padma Shree. He retired from DRDL on 15 October 1991. DRDL got lots of success in his leadership and many successful changes when he was director. Still DRDL working on the same direction which Dr. Kalam shown to the company. Conclusion Dr. Kalam worked as a director of DRDL and he showed his brilliant visionary leadership at the company. He worked hard and tried to give his best for the DRDL. Dr. Kalam showed three different characteristics of his leadership style. He has very clear far reaching and encompassing vision. This vision embraced goals and ideas which remained constant no matter how long it took to actualize him despite difficulties which he encountered. Dr. Kalam never allowed any of the means of actions on the way to invalidate this vision and its constituent values. The second characteristic is that DR. Kalam was skilful in creating and designing appropriate organizational culture which helped him to achieve his ideas and vision. The design of such organizational culture was the most lasting contribution of Dr. Kalam. These cultures embodied enduring values, beliefs and vision which were shared by the organization members even subsequently. The third characteristic is that Dr. Kalam attracted others t o follow him in seeking attainment of the vision. Dr. Kalam is a charismatic person because he was able to instil in others beliefs, values and ideas of his vision so as to empower them to move beyond the expectations of Dr. Kalam and their own. Dr. Kalam demonstrate a high level of moral capacity and intellectual, over the long period of time, to maintain coherency between foals, short term action and long range if ideas. The visionary leadership style followed by Dr. Kalam and he shows how vision for exceptional results can be turned in to reality by sharing with the people and for outperform we have to inspire them. The new age leaders need to understand that outstanding performance can be accomplish by having utmost focus on organizational climate, organizational structure, quality of leadership, job deign effective communication, proactive follow up, empowerment, collaboration, internal motivation, team work and spirituality. Plan for future development of my own leadership After analysing of some practical and theoretical aspects of leadership styles I constructed a list of list of desired visionary leadership style, which should be developed be me, to go higher level of leadership capability. To become the leader of 21st century I must see the leaders work, especially those engaged in the task of development which involving management of technology globally. The performance of the organization depends on its climate. I must diagnose this problem and find a de motivating and low performing climate in the organization and I must make concerted effort gradually to transform it into a high performance and energizing climate. I should use effective communication which include inside and outside interaction. I must share my vision with the people and discuss the clear goal of organization. As a leader I must work in a team and provide the proper direction toward people have to move. Participation in management I can use to involve people in the affairs of the organization. As a leader to accomplish outstanding performance I must assess the existing structure of my organization. I should see the source of full utilization of human resource and effective way to achieve the goals. I must evolve a suitable structure with a comprehensive discussion with the people. To become a good leader I should grow with the possibilities, I should share my power with the people and work in a team, grow my capability to resolve the conflicts and carry people with me and channelize their energy towards the goal. I must respect people and delegate work of worthy of their talents to them. As leader I must make arrangement in the organization to provide emotional outlet to the people and help them to release their day to day disappointment and setbacks so that people can express their view points freely and the issue of general importance. I should use pro active follow up activity for repaid growth. If required I must develop collaboration between the organizational units and outside organizations. To improve the future organizational climate of my company and to get outstanding performance I must focus on the goal setting, visualizing, believing and positive thinking. I can do this by empower young people. As leader I have to understand that there exists an internal motivation with in individuals which can be taken to the attainment of outstanding performance. This can be done by job designs to satisfy higher order needs of people. I need to use my super power to accomplish my outstanding performance like Dr. Kalam. So to become a good leader I must consider all theories of leadership and the great leader how create new ways to make people follow them.

Challenges of the 21st Century Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

Challenges of the 21st Century    Citizens of the world look on with anticipation as our society moves into the twenty-first century. Although the world has not accomplished the wild ideas presented in science fiction, we have made a huge amount of progress in technology. However, many hurdles still need to be faced. Numerous critical problems will face both America and the world as a whole in this new millennium. Three problems confronting the United States are hate crimes, teen drug use, and education. The world will face issues as well, including terrorism, wars, and health care.    In America, hate crimes are a rising problem. Statistics show that a hate crime is committed every hour. A cross is burned every week. Eight blacks, three whites, three gays, three Jews, and one Latino become victims every day. Today, America prides itself on being a tolerant country. Through legislation including affirmative action and movements against racism, we see ourselves as a country offering equal opportunities to all. This statement, however, is slightly biased. Contrary to popular belief, everything is not wonderful in the land of the free and home of the brave. Many live in fear of being persecuted because of who they are naturally. The United States needs to find a way to combat these crimes, mainly through introducing tougher laws regarding hate crimes.    Another problem is use of illegal drugs by teenagers and young adults. As usage of drugs such as ecstasy and marijuana become more popular on "underground" scenes, people seem to find it acceptable to engage in casual drug use. Many young people do not realize the harmful effects of these substances until it is too late. The lives of America's y... ... diseases such as AIDS are also becoming a problem in places like Africa. Knowledge of how to prevent these diseases is not widely known, so an increasing number of people are infected. More attention needs to be placed on adequate health care and technology in these countries. While these third world societies may not have the resources with which to implement these changes, more advanced societies certainly do.    All of these issues are pressing concerns for America and for the world. Changes, however, will not begin to take place until the government and other appropriate authorities see that the public has a strong interest in correcting these problems. With enough attention brought to the issues by letter-writing campaigns, petitions, and peaceful protests, perhaps some of these issues can be solved during this new millennium.         

Taste of Honey by Shelagh Delaney :: Taste Honey Shelagh Delaney

"Taste of Honey" by Shelagh Delaney I am going to explain how Shelagh Delaney presents the changing facets of Jo’s character. The play was written in the 1950s and was first performed in 1958. The play is about a girl and her mother move to a grubby flat and area with no men in their life, but all changes when Helen meets Peter and Jo meet Boy. Then Jo gets pregnant with the black boy, and then meets and shares a flat with Geof, a young homosexual. He takes and the role as caring and protecting Jo and they get on well. Geof brings Helen back to visit Jo, and Helen kicks Geof out. Jo’s is the main character in the play; she is the daughter of Helen. She falls for a man called Jimmie who is in the navy, and then he makes her pregnant and goes way leaving her with this black baby. Then she meets Geof who takes on the role of caring for Jo, and then brings back her mother and he leaves. At the beginning of the play Jo is organized, capable and critical of her mother, we know because she says ‘ You’re knocking it worst than ever’. This makes us think that Helen has a drinking problem in the past. Also in Act one scene one Jo shows she is organized by saying ‘ I’m going to unpack my bulbs. I wonder where I can out them’. Then she changes when she meets Peter and becomes more jealous, quarrelsome and annoying. When Helen leaves Jo becomes more resentful and feels hurt and unloved. When she meets Jimmie she becomes much more flirtatious we know this because she says to him in the play ‘glad you like it. It’s my schoolgirl complexion’. She also becomes coy and likes the attention when she meets Jimmie. The play writer use dramatic devices to show the changes in Jo well, as in when she has quarrels and fights between the other characters. In the 1980s it was not common to be a single parent family, and Britain was not a multicultural society. Jo changes though the play one example of this is her opinion on poor housing. At the start of the play she say ‘And I don’t like it’ expressing her self about the

300 †a Gender Analysis Essay

Gender The film industry has created the conventional gender roles of society into their movies; A majority of films have supported some of the male and female stereotypes. In the history of the film industry, the role of men is primarilythat of the stereotypical working class man or hero, while the roles of women are primarily portrayed as being somewhat inferior to men. In the 1930s through the 1970s, men held the leading roles in films while women played smaller roles. Men were typically employed, successful gentlemen, while the woman’s only job was a housewife. The film industry was mostly dominated by men. In terms of jobs, women were given mostly family roles and rarely were shown outside of their homes, while men had successful careers and did many activities outside of home. â€Å"Women were shown doing housework and men were the beneficiaries of their work† (â€Å"Women’s roles in the film industry† Women in film). As women were given a more active role in society, the gender roles in movies changed. However, many types of gender stereotypes in films still exist. Action genre movies in particular account for many of the gender stereotypes in the film industry today. Men are typically portrayed to be the hero, while women are often portrayed as sexual objects. In the movie 300, the Spartan men served and protected the city of Sparta, while the Spartan women did domestic chores and bred more warriors. Because this movie was set back in 480 BC society portrayed men to be superior to women. Some of the main characters in 300 are prime examples for the different gender roles. King Leonidas is the proud, triumphant King of Sparta. In the film, the character Leonidas possesed as a couple different male stereotypes. King Leonidas is portrayed as the hero throughout the different action sequences. Throughout the movie Leonidas takes charge of his troops and leads them into battle. Leonidas is hero not only because he is the King of Sparta, but also because he is the commander of the troops. Before King Leonidas leaves for battle with his three-hundred Spartans, he confronts his wife and refrains from saying â€Å"My queen, my life, my love,† because he, like all other Spartans, is not soft and does not want to show emotion to his queen (Zack Snyder. 00). The narrator speaks of how Spartan men are raised like brutes and are â€Å"hard warriors† (Zack Snyder. 300). This particular phrase is important to the story because it reflects the gender role of men during that time period. King Leonidas can also be classified as the family man stereotype. Throughout the film he trains his young son for battle. He plays the role of protector not only for his individual family, but also for Spart a. In the movie 300, King Leonidas represents many male stereotypes. In contrast, the character Queen Gorgo stands for many female stereotypes in the movie. The queen portrays the domestic female stereotype. In the film Queen Gorgo cares for her young son and stays at home while her husband, King Leonidas, is fighting for their country. Like many of the women in the film, Queen Gorgo performs many domestic tasks such as retrieving food and water for her family, as well as looking after her child. Queen Gorgo is also a sex object. She is easily seduced by her King. She bribesone of the councilmen with sex. At times in the film the Queen, among many other women, wear little clothing. The 300 Spartans also wear little clothing in the film. Due to the lack of clothing, the Spartans show their ripped and brute physique to reinforce the male stereotype of being brawny and strong. Lastly, the queen represents the female stereotype of beauty. The queen is an attractive woman with a small frame, much like how the media portrays what a woman should look like. Her attractive looks and sexual qualities are a large part of Queen Gorgo’s character. Queen Gorgo represents an abundance of the female stereotypes in society. The captain of the Spartan troops also shows male stereotypes. The captain is a close ally of King Leonidas. Throughout the film, the captain portrays the male stereotype of being a family man. The captain’s son, Astinos, is barely old enough to be in battle with the Persians. The captain is skeptical of allowing his son to enter battle, but decides to encourage him to serve their country. Throughout the different battles with the Persians, the captain protects his son from harm. When Astinos is killed by Persians, the captain goes on an extremely violent tirade and kills every Persian in sight due to his overpowering vengeance. After the death of his son, the captain proclaims to the king that his heart is filled with hate, and King Leonidas replies â€Å"Good. † King Leonidas feels that it is necessary for a soldier to feel hatred toward his enemies. This particular scene portrays another male characteristic of not showing emotion towards a certain subject. The captain is another character that shows the male stereotype present in this film. Although many of the characters in the movie portray the prevalent male and female stereotypes in society, there are a few characters that stray away from these social formalities. Councilman Theron is an example of one of the characters that does not abide to the brute and warrior stereotypes in the film 300. Theron is no older than the Spartan men who fight for their city, but he lacks the physical strength that the Spartan warriors possess. Because Theron is not a typical man in Sparta, he wears a gown that is similar to the gowns worn by Spartan women. Along with Councilman Theron, there are other men that are on the council of Sparta. These men are far less in physical size than the Spartan warrior and are given duties that are similar to women. The men in the council are unique to the majority of men in Sparta that serve their city. Since the men wear â€Å"woman-like† clothing, it labels women’s apparel to be very revealing. These men reinforce some of the women stereotypes prevalent in the film. There are also some specific scenes in the movie that break some of the male and female stereotypes. Directly after Astinos is killed in battle, the Captain begins to break down and cry. The captain immediately showed his emotion for the loss of his son. This scene in the movie shows how even the most masculine man has to show some emotion at some point in time. In the end of the battle against the Persians, after King Leonidas has been shot by many arrows, he stands up and shouts, â€Å"My queen, my life, my love† (Zack Snyder. 300). This phrase is contradictory to the general actions of Spartans, and men in general, because it shows emotion. Both of these sequences in the film show how every man must show emotion, regardless of who they are. 300 demonstrated the many male and female stereotypes in society. Although most of the men were relatively similar, there were a few men in Sparta who went against the normal gender role. Like many other action movies, 300 showed various roles that supported some of the gender roles in the film industry. The main characters primarily demonstrated the conventional gender roles, but they also expressed some contradictory qualities. The film industry provides arious different types of gender roles through movies. â€Å"advertising. † Home | Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, IN. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfx â€Å"Women in Film. † Yahoo! GeoCities: Get a free web site with easy-to-use site building tools. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfw â€Å"300 Movie – Spartans. † Mens Movie Guide. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. c om/05lfv 300 (Widescreen Single Disc Edition). Dir. Zack Snyder. Perf. Gerard Butler, Lena Headey. DVD. Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution, Warner Bros. Pictures International, 2006.

Personal Recounts- a Day in the Life of Superman

A day in the life of Superman I nearly died today . I could not help but toss and turn in bed and think about how horrible my day had been . what would have happened if the Atomic Skull had hit me on my head. â€Å"Someone help me! † old . Auntie Mary was lost in the jungle. She could not find her way out and was shouting frantically for help. The sun was setting. Auntie Mary was shouting for help because she had now been captured by the notorious Atomic Skull. He was notorious because of his habit of abducting little children and the elderly. Ha ha, now nobody can save you,† laughed the Atomic Skull but he was wrong and I had heard Auntie Mary. The Atomic Skull’s teeth were a disgusting sight to look at and his face was bigger than his body. â€Å" Superman to the rescue,† I was on my way to the spot where Auntie Mary was since he was already near the jungle. I was just flying past the jungle at that time. The jungle was eerie and gloomy and had a lot of t rees. No longer than a minute had passed when I arrived at the spot where Auntie Mary was. There was one problem, she and the Atomic Skull were not there anymore.The Atomic Skull had brought her somewhere. I started to look for Auntie Mary. She was nowhere in sight. Then, I heard the rustling of leaves. I turned around and saw that there was a pile of leaves nearby which could have been used to hide behind. I then had an idea. I crept the other way round the tree to the back of the pile of leaves. That was when I saw the creepy Atomic Skull. The Atomic Skull saw me and we began to fight. There was a lot of action as well as blood. The Atomic Skull could feel a punch on his cheek and felt his hand raising up to hit me.He had a scythe in the other hand and had the mean thought of hitting me with it. Auntie Mary could not bear this sight so she turned around. I was wise and had known that earlier so I kicked the scythe out of the Atomic Skulls hand. The Atomic Skull was helpless now he was powerless and could not do anything but ask for forgiveness or so I thought so. Just as I turned around with Auntie Mary, the Atomic Skull, being very nasty, crept towards his scythe and picked it up, aimed it at me. Just as he was about to throw it, I turned around saw what the Atomic Skull was up to.I ducked just in time and gave the Atomic Skull one last kick of mine which was one of the famous style of kicks. The Atomic Skull lay there, groaning in pain as if he had fallen from a tree which was very high and broke a bone or two. â€Å"Better luck next time, Atomic Skull. Always remember that where there is evil ,there is good and where there is you , there is me! Ha ha! † I was smiling to myself because I had just realised that I had spent two hours thinking of what had happened instead of sleeping. â€Å" How silly of me! † he said before he started to snore.